Zoonotic Potential of Simian Arteriviruses

Author:

Bailey Adam L.12,Lauck Michael12,Sibley Samuel D.23,Friedrich Thomas C.23,Kuhn Jens H.4ORCID,Freimer Nelson B.5,Jasinska Anna J.5,Phillips-Conroy Jane E.6,Jolly Clifford J.7,Marx Preston A.89,Apetrei Cristian1011,Rogers Jeffrey212,Goldberg Tony L.23ORCID,O'Connor David H.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

2. Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

3. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

4. Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA

5. Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA

6. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, and Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA

7. Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA

8. Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA

9. Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

10. Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

11. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

12. Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Wild nonhuman primates are immediate sources and long-term reservoirs of human pathogens. However, ethical and technical challenges have hampered the identification of novel blood-borne pathogens in these animals. We recently examined RNA viruses in plasma from wild African monkeys and discovered several novel, highly divergent viruses belonging to the family Arteriviridae . Close relatives of these viruses, including simian hemorrhagic fever virus, have caused sporadic outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever in captive macaque monkeys since the 1960s. However, arterivirus infection in wild nonhuman primates had not been described prior to 2011. The arteriviruses recently identified in wild monkeys have high sequence and host species diversity, maintain high viremia, and are prevalent in affected populations. Taken together, these features suggest that the simian arteriviruses may be “preemergent” zoonotic pathogens. If not, this would imply that biological characteristics of RNA viruses thought to facilitate zoonotic transmission may not, by themselves, be sufficient for such transmission to occur.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology

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