Methamphetamine Enhances Cryptococcus neoformans Melanization, Antifungal Resistance, and Pathogenesis in a Murine Model of Drug Administration and Systemic Infection

Author:

Erives Victor H.1,Munzen Melissa E.2,Zamith-Miranda Daniel3ORCID,Hernandez Hazael14,Manepalli Swetha5,Nguyen Long N.6,Hamed Mohamed F.27,Nosanchuk Joshua D.3,Martinez Luis R.258910ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biological Sciences, The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA

2. Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA

3. Department of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA

4. Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA

5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University-Post, Brookville, New York, USA

6. Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

7. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

8. Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

9. Center for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

10. Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

Abstract

Methamphetamine (METH) is a major public health and safety problem in the United States. Chronic METH abuse is associated with a 2-fold-higher risk of HIV infection and, possibly, additional infections, particularly those that enter through the respiratory tract or skin. Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated opportunistic yeast-like fungus that is a relatively frequent cause of meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients, especially in individuals with AIDS. C. neoformans melanizes during mammalian infection in a process that presumably uses host-supplied compounds such as catecholamines. l -3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l -Dopa) is a natural catecholamine that is frequently used to induce melanization in C. neoformans . l -Dopa-melanized cryptococci manifest resistance to radiation, phagocytosis, detergents, and heavy metals.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Immunology,Microbiology,Parasitology

Reference51 articles.

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