Affiliation:
1. University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
2. Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
3. Zoological Health Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the
Chrysosporium
anamorph of
Nannizziopsis vriesii
(CANV),
Chrysosporium guarroi
,
Chrysosporium ophiodiicola
, and
Chrysosporium
species have been reported as the causes of dermal or deep lesions in reptiles. These infections are contagious and often fatal and affect both captive and wild animals. Forty-nine CANV isolates from reptiles and six isolates from human sources were compared with
N. vriesii
based on their cultural characteristics and DNA sequence data. Analyses of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and small subunit of the nuclear ribosomal gene revealed that the reptile pathogens and human isolates belong in well-supported clades corresponding to three lineages that are distinct from all other taxa within the family
Onygenaceae
of the order
Onygenales
. One lineage represents the genus
Nannizziopsis
and comprises
N. vriesii
,
N. guarroi
, and six additional species encompassing isolates from chameleons and geckos, crocodiles, agamid and iguanid lizards, and humans. Two other lineages comprise the genus
Ophidiomyces
, with the species
Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola
occurring only in snakes, and
Paranannizziopsis
gen. nov., with three new species infecting squamates and tuataras. The newly described species are
Nannizziopsis dermatitidis
,
Nannizziopsis crocodili
,
Nannizziopsis barbata
,
Nannizziopsis infrequens
,
Nannizziopsis hominis
,
Nannizziopsis obscura
,
Paranannizziopsis australasiensis
,
Paranannizziopsis californiensis
, and
Paranannizziopsis crustacea
.
Chrysosporium longisporum
has been reclassified as
Paranannizziopsis longispora
.
N. guarroi
causes yellow fungus disease, a common infection in bearded dragons and green iguanas, and
O. ophiodiicola
is an emerging pathogen of captive and wild snakes. Human-associated species were not recovered from reptiles, and reptile-associated species were recovered only from reptiles, thereby mitigating concerns related to zoonosis.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Reference42 articles.
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