Affiliation:
1. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Vibrio cholerae
is the etiological agent of cholera, an acute intestinal infection in humans characterized by voluminous watery diarrhea. Cholera is spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water, primarily in developing countries that lack the proper infrastructure for proper water and sewage treatment.
Vibrio cholerae
is an aquatic bacterium that inhabits coastal and estuarine areas, and it is known to have several environmental reservoirs, including fish. Our laboratory has recently described the use of the zebrafish as a new animal model for the study of
V. cholerae
intestinal colonization, pathogenesis, and transmission. As early as 6 h after exposure to
V. cholerae
, zebrafish develop diarrhea. Prior work in our laboratory has shown that this is not due to the action of cholera toxin. We hypothesize that accessory toxins produced by
V. cholerae
are the cause of diarrhea in infected zebrafish. In order to assess the effects of accessory toxins in the zebrafish, it was necessary to develop a method of quantifying diarrheal volume as a measure of pathogenesis. Here, we have adapted cell density, protein, and mucin assays, along with enumeration of
V. cholerae
in the zebrafish intestinal tract and in the infection water, to achieve this goal. Combined, these assays should help us determine which toxins have the greatest diarrheagenic effect in fish and, consequently, which toxins may play a role in environmental transmission.
IMPORTANCE
Identification of the accessory toxins that cause diarrhea in zebrafish can help us understand more about the role of fish in the wild as aquatic reservoirs for
V. cholerae
. It is plausible that accessory toxins can act to prolong colonization and subsequent shedding of
V. cholerae
back into the environment, thus perpetuating and facilitating transmission during an outbreak. It is also possible that accessory toxins help to maintain low levels of intestinal colonization in fish, giving
V. cholerae
an advantage when environmental conditions are not optimal for survival in the water. Studies such as this one are critical because fish could be an overlooked source of cholera transmission in the environment.
Funder
HHS | National Institutes of Health
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
Cited by
29 articles.
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