Intracellular Distribution of Enzymes of Phospholipid Metabolism in Several Gram-Negative Bacteria

Abstract

Cell-free extracts of Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter aerogenes , and Micrococcus cerificans contained the following enzymatic activities related to phospholipid metabolism: cytidine 5′-diphospho-1,2-diacyl- sn -glycerol (CDP-diglyceride): l -serine O -phosphatidyltransferase (phosphatidylserine synthase), phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, CDP-diglyceride: sn -glycero-3-phosphate phosphatidyltransferase (phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase), phosphatidylglycerophosphate phosphatase, and CDP-diglyceride hydrolase. The intracellular distribution of these enzymatic activities as determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of cell-free extracts was shown to be similar in each species investigated. The phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase, and CDP-diglyceride hydrolase activities were all associated with the cell envelope fraction, whereas the phosphatidylserine synthase activity was associated mainly with the ribosomal fraction. These enzymatic activities are comparable and have an intracellular distribution similar to those found in Escherichia coli cell-free extracts. Therefore, the pathways established for phospholipid biosynthesis in E. coli can also account for the synthesis of the major phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol) in several other gram-negative organisms. In addition, the unusual ribosomal association of the phosphatidylserine synthase from E. coli (Raetz and Kennedy, J. Biol. Chem. 247: 2008–2014, 1972) appears to be a general property for this activity in several other bacterial species.