Impaired Cytotoxic CD8 + T Cell Response in Elderly COVID-19 Patients

Author:

Westmeier Jaana1,Paniskaki Krystallenia2,Karaköse Zehra1,Werner Tanja1,Sutter Kathrin13,Dolff Sebastian2,Overbeck Marvin4,Limmer Andreas4,Liu Jia53,Zheng Xin53,Brenner Thorsten4,Berger Marc M.4,Witzke Oliver2,Trilling Mirko13ORCID,Lu Mengji13,Yang Dongliang53,Babel Nina678,Westhoff Timm9,Dittmer Ulf13,Zelinskyy Gennadiy13

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

2. Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

3. Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, HUST, Wuhan, China

4. Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

5. Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tonji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

6. Center for Translational Medicine, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr–University Bochum, Herne, Germany

7. Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

8. Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany

9. Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany

Abstract

Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for the elimination of infected cells and are key players in the control of viruses. CD8 + T cells with an effector phenotype express cytotoxic molecules and are able to perform target cell killing. COVID-19 patients with a mild disease course were analyzed for the differentiation status and cytotoxic profile of CD8 + T cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced a vigorous cytotoxic CD8 + T cell response. However, this cytotoxic profile of T cells was not detected in COVID-19 patients over the age of 80 years. Thus, the absence of a cytotoxic response in elderly patients might be a possible reason for the more frequent severity of COVID-19 in this age group than in younger patients.

Funder

Stiftung Universitätsmedizin Essen

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Microbiology

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