Diagnosing Rhodococcus equi Infections in a Setting Where Tuberculosis Is Highly Endemic: a Double Challenge

Abstract

Rhodococcus equiinfection is increasing in regions with high HIV prevalence worldwide. The microbiological features and clinical mimicry of tuberculosis infection pose diagnostic challenges in high-tuberculosis-incidence settings. We present two HIV-associated cases ofR. equiinfection from Vietnam and discuss the unique diagnostic challenges in such settings.