Multiple Incursions and Recurrent Epidemic Fade-Out of H3N2 Canine Influenza A Virus in the United States

Author:

Voorhees Ian E. H.1,Dalziel Benjamin D.23,Glaser Amy4,Dubovi Edward J.4,Murcia Pablo R.56ORCID,Newbury Sandra7,Toohey-Kurth Kathy8,Su Shuo9,Kriti Divya10ORCID,Van Bakel Harm10,Goodman Laura B.4,Leutenegger Christian11,Holmes Edward C.12131415ORCID,Parrish Colin R.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

2. Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

3. Department of Mathematics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

4. Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

5. Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

6. Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

7. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

8. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

9. MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China

10. Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA

11. Idexx Laboratories, Inc., Molecular Diagnostics, West Sacramento, California, USA

12. Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

13. Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

14. School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

15. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Abstract

The relatively recent appearance of influenza A virus (IAV) epidemics in dogs expands our understanding of IAV host range and ecology, providing useful and relevant models for understanding critical factors involved in viral emergence. Here we integrate viral whole-genome sequence analysis and comprehensive surveillance data to examine the evolution of the emerging avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV), particularly the factors driving ongoing circulation and recent increases in incidence of the virus within the United States. Our results provide a detailed understanding of how H3N2 CIV achieves sustained circulation within the United States despite widespread host contact heterogeneity and recurrent epidemic fade-out. Moreover, our findings suggest that the types and intensities of selection pressures an emerging virus experiences are highly dependent on host population structure and ecology and may inhibit an emerging virus from acquiring sustained epidemic or pandemic circulation.

Funder

Food and Drug Administration's Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Unit

ARC Australian Laureate Fellowship

HHS | National Institutes of Health

HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

National Science Foundation

RCUK | Medical Research Council

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology

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