Potential for thermophilic (50 degrees C) anaerobic dechlorination of pentachlorophenol in different ecosystems

Abstract

Thermophilic (50 degrees C) anaerobic biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was investigated by using different inocula from natural ecosystems and anaerobic digesters. The inocula tested were three freshwater sediments, four anaerobic sewage sludge samples from digesters treating sludge from wastewater plants with various industrial inputs, and digested manure from an anaerobic reactor. Only one digested-sludge sample and the manure sample were from thermophilic environments. The initial PCP concentration was 7.5 or 37.5 microM. After 8 months, PCP had disappeared from the sediment samples and various, less chlorinated intermediates were present. Additions of extra PCP were degraded within 4 weeks, and a maximal observed dechlorination rate of 1.61 mumol/liter/day in the vials with addition of 7.5 microM PCP and 7.50 mumol/liter/day in the vials with addition of 37.5 microM PCP were measured for a freshwater sediment. In contrast, only 2.8 to 17.5% of the initial PCP added had disappeared from the sludge samples after 8 months of incubation. The complex pattern of intermediates formed indicated that the dechlorination of PCP proceeded via different pathways, involving at least two different populations in the dechlorination processes.