Insights into Genome Plasticity and Pathogenicity of the Plant Pathogenic Bacterium
Xanthomonas campestris
pv. vesicatoria Revealed by the Complete Genome Sequence
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Published:2005-11
Issue:21
Volume:187
Page:7254-7266
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ISSN:0021-9193
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Container-title:Journal of Bacteriology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:J Bacteriol
Author:
Thieme Frank1, Koebnik Ralf1, Bekel Thomas2, Berger Carolin1, Boch Jens1, Büttner Daniela1, Caldana Camila1, Gaigalat Lars3, Goesmann Alexander2, Kay Sabine1, Kirchner Oliver1, Lanz Christa4, Linke Burkhard2, McHardy Alice C.2, Meyer Folker2, Mittenhuber Gerhard5, Nies Dietrich H.5, Niesbach-Klösgen Ulla1, Patschkowski Thomas3, Rückert Christian3, Rupp Oliver2, Schneiker Susanne3, Schuster Stephan C.4, Vorhölter Frank-Jörg3, Weber Ernst1, Pühler Alfred3, Bonas Ulla1, Bartels Daniela2, Kaiser Olaf3
Affiliation:
1. Institut für Genetik, Martin-Luther-Universität, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany 2. Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, D-33594 Bielefeld, Germany 3. Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Universität Bielefeld, D-33594 Bielefeld, Germany 4. Max-Planck-Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; and 5. Institut für Mikrobiologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacterium
Xanthomonas campestris
pv. vesicatoria is the causative agent of bacterial spot disease in pepper and tomato plants, which leads to economically important yield losses. This pathosystem has become a well-established model for studying bacterial infection strategies. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of the pepper-pathogenic
Xanthomonas campestris
pv. vesicatoria strain 85-10, which comprises a 5.17-Mb circular chromosome and four plasmids. The genome has a high G+C content (64.75%) and signatures of extensive genome plasticity. Whole-genome comparisons revealed a gene order similar to both
Xanthomonas axonopodis
pv. citri and
Xanthomonas campestris
pv. campestris and a structure completely different from
Xanthomonas oryzae
pv. oryzae. A total of 548 coding sequences (12.2%) are unique to
X. campestris
pv. vesicatoria. In addition to a type III secretion system, which is essential for pathogenicity, the genome of strain 85-10 encodes all other types of protein secretion systems described so far in gram-negative bacteria. Remarkably, one of the putative type IV secretion systems encoded on the largest plasmid is similar to the Icm/Dot systems of the human pathogens
Legionella pneumophila
and
Coxiella burnetii
. Comparisons with other completely sequenced plant pathogens predicted six novel type III effector proteins and several other virulence factors, including adhesins, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and extracellular polysaccharides.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Molecular Biology,Microbiology
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