Affiliation:
1. Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The development of effective therapies for noroviral gastroenteritis has been hampered by the absence of a cell culture system. Recently, we reported the generation of Norwalk virus (NV) replicon-bearing cells in BHK21 and Huh-7 cells and demonstrated that alpha interferon (IFN-α) effectively inhibited the replication of NV in these cells. In continuing studies for screening potential antinoroviral agents, we tested IFN-γ and ribavirin for their effects on NV replication in the cells. Like IFN-α, IFN-γ inhibited the replication of NV in the replicon-bearing cells, showing the reduction of the NV genome and proteins in a dose-dependent manner. The effective dose for reducing 50% (ED
50
) of the NV genome and protein was calculated to be approximately 40 units/ml. When ribavirin was applied to the cells, it effectively reduced the NV genome and protein with the ED
50
calculated as approximately 40 μM. The combination of IFN-α and ribavirin showed additive effects on the inhibition of NV replication. With the addition of guanosine to the ribavirin treatment, moderately reversed antiviral effects were observed, suggesting that the ribavirin effect may be associated with the depletion of GTP in the cells. Sequencing analysis of the conserved polymerase regions of NV in the ribavirin-treated (100 μM) and nontreated groups showed that the mutation rates were similar and indicated that ribavirin did not induce catastrophic mutations. The NV replicon-bearing cells provide an excellent tool for screening potential antinoroviral agents, and our results indicated that IFNs and ribavirin may be good therapeutic options for noroviral gastroenteritis.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology
Cited by
118 articles.
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