Pathway of Propionate Oxidation by a Syntrophic Culture of Smithella propionica and Methanospirillum hungatei

Abstract

ABSTRACT The pathway of propionate conversion in a syntrophic coculture of Smithella propionica and Methanospirillum hungatei JF1 was investigated by 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. Cocultures produced acetate and butyrate from propionate. [3- 13 C]propionate was converted to [2- 13 C]acetate, with no [1- 13 C]acetate formed. Butyrate from [3- 13 C]propionate was labeled at the C2 and C4 positions in a ratio of about 1:1.5. Double-labeled propionate (2,3- 13 C) yielded not only double-labeled acetate but also single-labeled acetate at the C1 or C2 position. Most butyrate formed from [2,3- 13 C]propionate was also double labeled in either the C1 and C2 atoms or the C3 and C4 atoms in a ratio of about 1:1.5. Smaller amounts of single-labeled butyrate and other combinations were also produced. 1- 13 C-labeled propionate yielded both [1- 13 C]acetate and [2- 13 C]acetate. When 13 C-labeled bicarbonate was present, label was not incorporated into acetate, propionate, or butyrate. In each of the incubations described above, 13 C was never recovered in bicarbonate or methane. These results indicate that S. propionica does not degrade propionate via the methyl-malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) pathway or any other of the known pathways, such as the acryloyl-CoA pathway or the reductive carboxylation pathway. Our results strongly suggest that propionate is dismutated to acetate and butyrate via a six-carbon intermediate.