XdfA, a novel membrane-associated DedA family protein of Xanthomonas campestris , is required for optimum virulence, maintenance of magnesium, and membrane homeostasis

Abstract

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas campestris is an important member of the Xanthomonas group of phytopathogens that causes diseases in crucifers. In X. campestris , several virulence-associated functions, including some belonging to unknown predicted functions, have been implicated in the colonization and disease processes. However, the role of many of these unknown predicted proteins in Xanthomonas -host interaction and their exact physiological function is not clearly known. In this study, we identified a novel membrane-associated protein belonging to the DedA super family, XdfA, which is required for virulence in X. campestris . The DedA family of proteins are generally ubiquitous in bacteria; however, their function and actual physiological role are largely elusive. Characterization of ∆ xdfA by homology modeling, membrane localization, and physiological studies indicated that XdfA is a membrane-associated protein that plays a role in the maintenance of membrane integrity. Furthermore, functional homology modeling analysis revealed that the XdfA exhibits structural similarity to a CorA-like magnesium transporter and is required for optimum growth under low magnesium ion concentration. We report for the first time that a putative DedA family of protein in Xanthomonas is required for optimum virulence and plays a role in the maintenance of membrane-associated functions and magnesium homeostasis. IMPORTANCE Bacterial DedA family proteins are involved in a range of cellular processes such as ion transport, signal transduction, and cell division. Here, we have discussed about a novel DedA family protein XdfA in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris that has a role in membrane homeostasis, magnesium transport, and virulence. Understanding membrane and magnesium homeostasis will aid in our comprehension of bacterial physiology and eventually will help us devise effective antimicrobial strategies to safeguard horticulturally and agriculturally important crop plants.