Physiological and Molecular Understanding of Bacterial Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

Author:

Agostoni Marco1,Hangasky John A.1,Marletta Michael A.123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA

2. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA

3. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA

Abstract

SUMMARY Bacteria have long been known to secrete enzymes that degrade cellulose and chitin. The degradation of these two polymers predominantly involves two enzyme families that work synergistically with one another: glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and polysaccharide monooxygenases (PMOs). Although bacterial PMOs are a relatively recent addition to the known biopolymer degradation machinery, there is an extensive amount of literature implicating PMO in numerous physiological roles. This review focuses on these diverse and physiological aspects of bacterial PMOs, including facilitating endosymbiosis, conferring a nutritional advantage, and enhancing virulence in pathogenic organisms. We also discuss the correlation between the presence of PMOs and bacterial lifestyle and speculate on the advantages conferred by PMOs under these conditions. In addition, the molecular aspects of bacterial PMOs, as well as the mechanisms regulating PMO expression and the function of additional domains associated with PMOs, are described. We anticipate that increasing research efforts in this field will continue to expand our understanding of the molecular and physiological roles of bacterial PMOs.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Molecular Biology,Microbiology,Infectious Diseases

Reference153 articles.

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