Poly(A) Polymerase Phosphorylation Is Dependent on Novel Interactions with Cyclins

Abstract

ABSTRACT We have previously shown that poly(A) polymerase (PAP) is negatively regulated by cyclin B-cdc2 kinase hyperphosphorylation in the M phase of the cell cycle. Here we show that cyclin B 1 binds PAP directly, and we demonstrate further that this interaction is mediated by a stretch of amino acids in PAP with homology to the cyclin recognition motif (CRM), a sequence previously shown in several cell cycle regulators to target specifically G 1 -phase-type cyclins. We find that PAP interacts with not only G 1 - but also G 2 -type cyclins via the CRM and is a substrate for phosphorylation by both types of cyclin-cdk pairs. PAP's CRM shows novel, concentration-dependent effects when introduced as an 8-mer peptide into binding and kinase assays. While higher concentrations of PAP's CRM block PAP-cyclin binding and phosphorylation, lower concentrations induce dramatic stimulation of both activities. Our data not only support the notion that PAP is directly regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases throughout the cell cycle but also introduce a novel type of CRM that functionally interacts with both G 1 - and G 2 -type cyclins in an unexpected way.