Affiliation:
1. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
2. Joint Genome Institute, Production Genomics Facility, Walnut Creek, California
3. Joint Genome Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Along with methane, methanol and methylated amines represent important biogenic atmospheric constituents; thus, not only methanotrophs but also nonmethanotrophic methylotrophs play a significant role in global carbon cycling. The complete genome of a model obligate methanol and methylamine utilizer,
Methylobacillus flagellatus
(strain KT) was sequenced. The genome is represented by a single circular chromosome of approximately 3 Mbp, potentially encoding a total of 2,766 proteins. Based on genome analysis as well as the results from previous genetic and mutational analyses, methylotrophy is enabled by methanol and methylamine dehydrogenases and their specific electron transport chain components, the tetrahydromethanopterin-linked formaldehyde oxidation pathway and the assimilatory and dissimilatory ribulose monophosphate cycles, and by a formate dehydrogenase. Some of the methylotrophy genes are present in more than one (identical or nonidentical) copy. The obligate dependence on single-carbon compounds appears to be due to the incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle, as no genes potentially encoding alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, or succinate dehydrogenases are identifiable. The genome of
M. flagellatus
was compared in terms of methylotrophy functions to the previously sequenced genomes of three methylotrophs,
Methylobacterium extorquens
(an alphaproteobacterium, 7 Mbp),
Methylibium petroleiphilum
(a betaproteobacterium, 4 Mbp), and
Methylococcus capsulatus
(a gammaproteobacterium, 3.3 Mbp). Strikingly, metabolically and/or phylogenetically, the methylotrophy functions in
M. flagellatus
were more similar to those in
M. capsulatus
and
M. extorquens
than to the ones in the more closely related
M. petroleiphilum
species, providing the first genomic evidence for the polyphyletic origin of methylotrophy in
Betaproteobacteria
.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Molecular Biology,Microbiology
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