Interaction of Agromyces ramosus with Other Bacteria in Soil

Abstract

Agromyces ramosus occurs in very high numbers in most soils and, based on studies of laboratory isolates, does not require host cells for growth. Nevertheless, it attacked and destroyed most of the gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species tested as possible host organisms. A. ramosus also attacked and destroyed Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The possibility of attack on fungi was unclear. Among the bacteria serving as hosts were the important soil species Azotobacter vinelandii, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium meliloti , and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Dead cells were not attacked. A. vinelandii cysts were attacked but left unharmed. To some extent, A. vinelandii seemed to survive this attack by encysting. Attack by A. ramosus occurred in natural soil and over a broad range of nutritional levels in laboratory media. The attack did not seem to be a means for obtaining an increased supply of commonly available nutrients. Instead, it seemed to be a means of obtaining something produced, perhaps in small amounts, by a variety of organisms, but not by all organisms. Several types of culture filtrates were tested for activity. The filtrates neither stimulated nor inhibited the growth of A. ramosus or the host organisms. The availability of catalase activity in host organisms did not seem to be involved. It is not known whether the attack by Agromyces ramosus in soil can be manipulated to cause a decrease in numbers of Agrobacterium tumefaciens or other pathogens without simultaneously depressing the numbers of beneficial organisms in this habitat.