Affiliation:
1. Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, D-07743 Jena, Germany
2. School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Using a combination of cultivation-dependent and -independent methods, this study aimed to elucidate the diversity of microorganisms involved in iron cycling and to resolve their
in situ
functional links in sediments of an acidic lignite mine lake. Using six different media with pH values ranging from 2.5 to 4.3, 117 isolates were obtained that grouped into 38 different strains, including 27 putative new species with respect to the closest characterized strains. Among the isolated strains, 22 strains were able to oxidize Fe(II), 34 were able to reduce Fe(III) in schwertmannite, the dominant iron oxide in this lake, and 21 could do both. All isolates falling into the
Gammaproteobacteria
(an unknown
Dyella-
like genus and
Acidithiobacillus
-related strains) were obtained from the top acidic sediment zones (pH 2.8).
Firmicutes
strains (related to
Bacillus
and
Alicyclobacillus
) were only isolated from deep, moderately acidic sediment zones (pH 4 to 5). Of the
Alphaproteobacteria
,
Acidocella
-related strains were only isolated from acidic zones, whereas
Acidiphilium
-related strains were isolated from all sediment depths. Bacterial clone libraries generally supported and complemented these patterns.
Geobacter
-related clone sequences were only obtained from deep sediment zones, and
Geobacter
-specific quantitative PCR yielded 8 × 10
5
gene copy numbers. Isolates related to the
Acidobacterium
,
Acidocella
, and
Alicyclobacillus
genera and to the unknown
Dyella
-like genus showed a broad pH tolerance, ranging from 2.5 to 5.0, and preferred schwertmannite to goethite for Fe(III) reduction. This study highlighted the variety of acidophilic microorganisms that are responsible for iron cycling in acidic environments, extending the results of recent laboratory-based studies that showed this trait to be widespread among acidophiles.
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Subject
Ecology,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Food Science,Biotechnology
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