Klebsiella Biotypes Among Coliforms Isolated from Forest Environments and Farm Produce

Abstract

Samples of water, soil, needles, and bark were collected from three different forest environments and from a pulp and paper mill. In addition, samples of fresh produce were obtained from a local supermarket. All samples were examined for total and fecal coliforms. The counts obtained from the forestrelated samples did not correlate with sample type or location. When 123 isolates were identified biochemically, 71% were Klebsiella , 19% Enterobacter , 8% Citrobacter , and 2% Escherichia . All the Citrobacter , 75% of the Enterobacter , and 65% of the Klebsiella were negative for growth in elevated coliform (EC) broth. All the Escherichia were EC positive. The counts obtained from the fresh produce were generally higher than the forest counts, but the distribution of biotypes was similar. Of the 146 isolates examined 64% were Klebsiella , 14% were Escherichia , 14% were Enterobacter , and 8% were Citrobacter . All the Enterobacter and Citrobacter were EC negative, whereas 25% of the Klebesiella and 80% of the Escherichia were EC positive.