Antibodies to a Single, Conserved Epitope in Anopheles APN1 Inhibit Universal Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Malaria

Author:

Armistead Jennifer S.1,Morlais Isabelle2,Mathias Derrick K.1,Jardim Juliette G.1,Joy Jaimy1,Fridman Arthur3,Finnefrock Adam C.3,Bagchi Ansu3,Plebanski Magdalena4,Scorpio Diana G.5,Churcher Thomas S.6,Borg Natalie A.7,Sattabongkot Jetsumon8,Dinglasan Rhoel R.1

Affiliation:

1. W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

2. Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement IRD-OCEAC, Yaoundé, Cameroon

3. Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA

4. Department of Immunology, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia

5. Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

6. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

7. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

8. Mahidol Vivax Research Center, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Abstract

ABSTRACT Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) represent a promising approach for the elimination and eradication of this disease. AnAPN1 is a lead TBV candidate that targets a surface antigen on the midgut of the obligate vector of the Plasmodium parasite, the Anopheles mosquito. In this study, we demonstrated that antibodies targeting AnAPN1 block transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax across distantly related anopheline species in countries to which malaria is endemic. Using a biochemical and immunological approach, we determined that the mechanism of action for this phenomenon stems from antibody recognition of a single protective epitope on AnAPN1, which we found to be immunogenic in murine and nonhuman primate models and highly conserved among anophelines. These data indicate that AnAPN1 meets the established target product profile for TBVs and suggest a potential key role for an AnAPN1-based panmalaria TBV in the effort to eradicate malaria.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Immunology,Microbiology,Parasitology

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1. Malaria transmission blocking activity of Anopheles stephensi alanyl aminopeptidase N antigen formulated with MPL, CpG, and QS21 adjuvants;PLOS ONE;2024-07-05

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