Viral Internal Ribosome Entry Site Structures Segregate into Two Distinct Morphologies

Author:

Beales Lucy P.1,Holzenburg Andreas2,Rowlands David J.1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Microbiology, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom

2. Electron Microscopy Centre and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843

Abstract

ABSTRACT An increasing number of viruses have been shown to initiate protein synthesis by a cap-independent mechanism involving internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). Predictions of the folding patterns of these RNA motifs have been based primarily on sequence and biochemical analyses. Biophysical confirmation of the models has been achieved only for the IRES of hepatitis C virus (HCV), which adopts an open structure consisting of two major stems. We have conducted an extensive comparison of flavivirus and picornavirus IRES elements by negative stain transmission electron microscopy. All of the flavivirus IRESs we examined (those of GB virus-B, GB virus-C, and classical swine fever virus) fold to give a structure similar to that of the HCV IRES, as does an IRES recently found on mRNA encoded by human herpesvirus 8. The larger picornavirus IRESs (those of foot-and-mouth disease virus, rhinovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and hepatitis A virus) are morphologically similar, comprising a backbone with two protruding stems, and distinct from the flavivirus IRESs.

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

Subject

Virology,Insect Science,Immunology,Microbiology

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