Functional Expression of Chemokine Receptor CCR5 on CD4 + T Cells during Virus-Induced Central Nervous System Disease

Abstract

ABSTRACT Intracranial infection of C57BL/6 mice with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) results in an acute encephalomyelitis followed by a demyelinating disease similar in pathology to the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS). CD4 + T cells are important in amplifying demyelination by attracting macrophages into the central nervous system (CNS) following viral infection; however, the mechanisms governing the entry of these cells into the CNS are poorly understood. The role of chemokine receptor CCR5 in trafficking of virus-specific CD4 + T cells into the CNS of MHV-infected mice was investigated. CD4 + T cells from immunized CCR5 +/+ and CCR5 −/− mice were expanded in the presence of the immunodominant epitope present in the MHV transmembrane (M) protein encompassing amino acids 133 to 147 (M133-147). Adoptive transfer of CCR5 +/+ -derived CD4 + T cells to MHV-infected RAG1 −/− mice resulted in CD4 + -T-cell entry into the CNS and clearance of virus from the brain. These mice also displayed robust demyelination correlating with macrophage accumulation within the CNS. Conversely, CD4 + T cells from CCR5 −/− mice displayed an impaired ability to traffic into the CNS of MHV-infected RAG1 −/− recipients, which correlated with increased viral titers, diminished macrophage accumulation, and limited demyelination. Analysis of chemokine receptor mRNA expression by M133-147-expanded CCR5 −/− -derived CD4 + T cells revealed reduced expression of CCR1, CCR2, and CXCR3, indicating that CCR5 signaling is important in increased expression of these receptors, which aid in trafficking of CD4 + T cells into the CNS. Collectively these results demonstrate that CCR5 signaling is important to migration of CD4 + T cells to the CNS following MHV infection.