Growth Properties of Rhodospirillum rubrum Mutants and Fermentation of Pyruvate in Anaerobic, Dark Conditions

Abstract

Mutant C and G1 were obtained earlier from Rhodospirillum rubrum S 1 during growth in the dark under strict anaerobic conditions in medium containing sodium pyruvate. Mutant C and mutant G1 grew in the dark with generation times of 5.8 h and 4.6 h, respectively. Mutant C cells grew equally well when switched between anaerobic (dark or light) or aerobic, dark conditions. Mutant G1 cells grew only in the dark (anaerobic or aerobic conditions), but a fraction of cells in anaerobic, dark cultures grew when placed in light. This number increased about 3,000-fold when G1 cells were incubated aerobically in the dark. During anaerobic, dark growth, C and G1 organisms incorporated similar amounts of [2- 14 C ]sodium pyruvate. About 34% of the incorporated radioactivity was found in lipid fractions from C cells that developed chromatophores during dark growth. Similar results were obtained using G1 cells, which formed only trace amounts of photosynthetic structures. Both mutants fermented sodium pyruvate and produced acetate, formate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas. Molar growth yield coefficients indicated that the cells obtained about 1 mol of adenosine triphosphate per mol of sodium pyruvate fermented. Results suggested that pyruvate fermentation during dark growth occurred via a pyruvate formate-lyase or the pyruvate ferredoxin-oxidoreductase pathway, or both.