THE INSTITUTE OF THE PRESIDENCY IN THE CONDITIONS OF POLITICAL TURBULENCE: WORLDWIDE TRENDS

Abstract

In the modern world, the institution of the presidency is undergoing changes under the influence of globalization processes, increasing complexity of life, new threats and risks, as well as global, regional and local challenges. The analysis of world polit- ical experience has allowed the author to identify a number of trends inherent in the development of the institution of the presidency. Firstly, new roles of the president appear, his functions expand both in the international arena and domestically. In particular, the role of national leader, ideological leader and anti-crisis manager are added to the traditional roles of the head of state and the head of the executive branch. Secondly, the volume of presidential power is growing, an imbalance of power is forming within the triangle "president - government - parliament". This trend is causing concern for the public, which offers different ways to “weaken” the presidential power. Thirdly, to extend their stay in power, the presidents under- take all kinds of manipulations. Fourth, a number of presidents seek to ensure the continuity of power and go to different methods of controlled transfer of presidential power, which are described in the article. Fifth, today in the world there is a re- quest for responsibility of the president, but the implementation of such a request is facilitated in only one form - impeach- ment. The author analyzes in detail modern impeachment, noting its excessive politicization.