This chapter focuses on how oil-driven development laid the groundwork for Bangladesh to become the world’s first “climate migration” hotspot. Critiquing visions of climate-driven mass migration, ethnic conflict, and Islamist terrorism narrated by Bangladeshi government officials, journalists, and international security experts, the chapter documents how the Bangladeshi state incorporated outmigration to the Persian Gulf into its plans for neoliberal development beginning in the 1970s, which shaped the migration routes that are increasingly traveled by today’s flood-affected migrants. The chapter argues that weather-induced migration is currently moving along the same routes and networks created by the oil boom and the rise of neoliberal trade, with the largest flows moving internally from rural areas to the two major cities of Dhaka and Chittagong and external flows heading to the Gulf. These dynamics challenge conventional thinking that ambivalently figures climate refugees from Bangladesh as either tragic victims of Western overconsumption or as romantic figures of adaptation.