The effect of explant, BAP and 2,4-D on callus induction of Trachyspermum ammi

Abstract

Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) has been considered as an important medicinal plant because it contains many alkaloids such as Thymol. In vitro culture of Ajowan provides new tissue sources such as callus, cell suspension and seedlings to produce secondary metabolites. The present study describes callus production optimization procedures experiment that was a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design at three levels with four explants (root, shoot, leaf and cotyledon) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg.L-1) and 2,4-D (2, 4 and 8 mg.L-1). Comparison of means showed that the maximum callus production was obtained from shoot explants, the cotyledon and leaf explants were in the second orders. In overall, 0.25 mg.L-1 BAP with 2 mg.L-1 2,4-D concentrations proved to be optimal for the production of maximum callus and also were more effect on callus weight, callus volume and callus color. The best explant based on callus weight was cotyledon explant and for callus volume was shoot explant. The result were shown that the effective hormone combination and explant was 2 mg.L-1 2,4-D with 0.25 mg.L-1 BAP concentrations were more effect on callus induction and shoot explant, respectively.