A prospective observational study based on angiographic profile in coronary artery disease patients with coronary intervention

Abstract

Background: An enlargement of the coronary artery that restricts optimal blood flow to the heart tissue is called coronary artery disease. The most common cause is arteriosclerosis. Platelet aggregation inhibition is the mainstay of primary and secondary prevention of ischemic events associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis.  Objective: Study of the angiographic profile of patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft and medical management.  Methods: This prospective observational study included all patients who underwent PCI, CABG and medical treatment at a tertiary hospital between August 2021 and February 2022. Demographic and angiographic data were collected for all patients. The details of the procedure, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, diagnostic tests such as coronary angiography, 2D echocardiography, and treatment, including anticoagulant therapy, of these patients were reviewed.  Results and discussion: A total of 100 patients (mean age - 58 years) with 71% males and 29% females were included in the study. Hypertension and Diabetes were the most common risk factors, present in 60% and 35% patients respectively. Smokers were observed in 16% patients respectively. Single vessel disease (SVD) was most common angiographic pattern, observed in 57% patients. Anterior wall MI was the most common mode of presentation (75%). Chest Pain was most common symptom, observed in 95% patients; PTCA was the most frequently employed procedure (71%) followed by CABG (10%) and Medical Management (19%); and Among 100 patients in 2DEcho Mild LV Dysfunction (Grade-1) were most prevalent (32%). The most commonly affected vessel was the right coronary artery (RCA) (51%). Drug-eluting stents were used in 71% of cases. Out of 100 patients, 51 patients received 1 stent and 20 patients received 2 stents.  Conclusion: This prospective study of percutaneous coronary intervention provides insight into the patterns of coronary artery disease with angiographic features. Our aim was to profile patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to alleviate symptoms and improve survival in patients with coronary artery disease