This protocol contains information on the safe capture and handling of a wide range of herpetofauna in general. It's focus however is on the Neotropics, and specifically it has been applied in the lowland rainforests of Peru. Please note specific information on species, weather and habitat might be biased towards this demographic. Program Timing: Sample collection occurs annually during the rainforest dry season (June - August), in conjunction with other field research activities. Program Overview: Researchers conduct visual-encounter surveys in search of herpetofauna. This protocol is designed as a minimally invasive way to obtain species observation and genetic samples from a broad variety of species. Surveys generally take place after dusk and before dawn when most amphibians and reptiles are active. Team Composition: This protocol may be carried out be variable numbers of participants, typically more participants means more encounters. At least one pre-designated leader with training in handling amphibians and reptiles is required. Others may assist in capture and handling under supervision and when it is deemed safe. Capture Overview: When an individual is encountered, a basic register is made (coordinates, photo, identification, activity), which contributes to basic abundance, richness, and diversity comparisons. Depending on the goal of the study, the animal can be captured for more detailed photos and the collection of associated samples, including but not limited to: biopsies (genomic DNA), skin swabs (disease screening), buccal swabs (genomic DNA & disease screening), and fecal residues (genomic DNA, microbiota, disease screening, diet analysis).