1. 1. Japanese Society of Coloproctology. Clinical guidelines for anal disease (hemorrhoids, anal fistula, anal fissure), rectal prolapse. 2nd ed. Tokyo: Nankodo Shuppan; 2020.
2. 2. National Institute of Population and Social Security Research [Internet]. Household Projections for Japan: 2015-2040, Outline of Results and Methods. 2018 February. Available from: https://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-ajsetai/e/hhprj2018/hhprj2018_DL.pdf
3. 3. Tsunoda A. Surgical treatment of rectal prolapse in the laparoscopic era; a review of the literature. J Anus Rectum Colon. 2020 Jul; 4 (3): 89-99.
4. 4. Iwadare J, Sumikoshi Y, Ono R, et al. [Etiology and treatment of rectal prolapse]. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol. 1989 Sep; 42 (6): 981-6. Japanese.
5. 5. Yamana T, Iwadare J. Mucosal plication (Gant-Miwa procedure) with anal encircling for rectal prolapse--a review of the Japanese experience. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003 Oct; 46 (10 Suppl): S94-9.