The assessment and diagnosis of mental illness by Black Pentecostal pastors in Polokwane, Limpopo Province.

Abstract

In Africa, there is a dearth of Mental Health Professionals (MHCP’s) which results in a shortage of those who formally diagnose, assess, and treat people suffering from mental illnesses. Thus, many individuals consult with their spiritual leaders (pastors) when experiencing mental health challenges before they consult MHCPs. While mental illness is mainly clinically assessed and diagnosed by MHCPs using the DSM-5 and ICD-10 codes, not much is known in the South African context regarding how Black Pentecostal pastors specifically recognise, assess, and diagnose mental illness. This study explored how Pentecostal pastors assess and recognise mental illness. This was a qualitative exploratory study. Nineteen Black Pentecostal pastors were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis (TA). Findings showed that Black Pentecostal pastors hold varying views regarding how mental illness should be assessed and diagnosed. Participants in this study admitted that they had not received any formal mental health training and would love to be suitably equipped to function in that field. Some of the participants believed that they were spiritually gifted and were skilled to assess, recognise and diagnose mental illness using the following methods: prayer, discernment, observing behaviour and interviewing. The study concluded that Black Pentecostal pastors play a significant role in the assessment and diagnosis of mental illness. Therefore, there is a need for a meaningful exchange and sharing of knowledge between Black Pentecostal pastors and MCHPs through a collaborative strategy.