1. J. F. Michelet, “Downhole separation of oil and water,”Proc. 9th Underwater Technology Conference, Bergen, Norway (March 20–22, 1996).
2. R. Albrechtsen, C. Bjelland, I. Klepsvik, G. Lied, and O̸. Nesse, “Novel ultrasonic measurement techniques for water/oil interface-level detection in horizontal downhole separators,”Proc. Downhole Instrumentation Seminar, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, Scotland (October 23, 2000).
3. O. J. Velle, T. Ulla, K. O. Stinessen, and J. P. Grønaas, “Subsea Water Separation,”Proc. 9th Underwater Technology Conference, Bergen, Norway (March 20–22, 1996).
4. M. Rollheim, ABB Corporate Research, private communication (June 1996); the figures apply to the Troll oil and gas field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea at 68 °C and 60 bara.