Bacteriological water analysis of Matutinao River in Badian, Cebu, Philippines

Abstract

As nature tourism becomes increasingly popular, especially in tropical countries, monitoring the environment’s health and making it sustainable is essential. Hundreds of daily tourists visit a popular spot between Kawasan Falls and the Matutinao River in Cebu to participate in the canyoneering activity. This study assessed the bacteriological quality of water in Matutinao River. Obtained water samples were analyzed for heterotrophic plate count (HPC), total coliform, and presence of the Escherichia coli (Castellani and Chalmers 1919) bacteria. It was found that the river had an HPC of 212 to 4.57 × 105 CFU ml-1 and was contaminated with coliforms (1250-1800 MPN/100 ml). The presence of E. coli was also detected. These values exceed the maximum permissible limit for recreation waters (i.e. 100 CFU ml-1 for HPC and 1,000 MPN/100 ml for total coliforms). Ideally, E. coli should also be absent in recreation waters. Although not necessarily harmful, bacteria in recreational waters need to be regularly monitored to prevent potential outbreaks. It is further recommended to revisit existing local policies to help reduce sources of contamination in the river not just to protect the environment but also to promote sustainable tourism.