Country-specific lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on tuberculosis control: a global study

Author:

Battista Migliori1 Giovanni1,Min Thong2, Pei2,Alffenaar3,4,5 Jan-Willem3,Denholm6,7 Justin4,Tadolini8,9 Marina5,Alyaquobi10 Fatma6,Al-Abri11 Seif7,Blanc12 François-Xavier8,Buonsenso13 Danilo9,Chakaya14,15 Jeremiah10,Cho4,16 Jin-Gun11,Ruffo Codecasa17 Luigi12,Danila18 Edvardas13,Duarte19 Raquel14,Dukpa20 Rada15,García-García21 José-María16,Gualano22 Gina17,Kurhasani23,24 Xhevat18,Manika25 Katerina19,de Queiroz Mello26 Fernanda Carvalho20,Pahl27 Kristin21,Rendon28 Adrian22,Sotgiu29 Giovanni23,Bassirou Souleymane30 Mahamadou24,Thomas31 Tania A.25,Tiberi32,33 Simon26,Kunst32,33 Heinke26,F. Udwadia34 Zarir27,Goletti22 Delia17,Centis1 Rosella1,D’Ambrosio35 Lia28,Rossato Silva36 Denise29

Affiliation:

1. 1. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri – IRCCS – Tradate, Italia.

2. 2. National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.

3. 3. The University of Sydney, Pharmacy School, Sydney (NSW) Australia. 4. The University of Sidney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW) Australia. 5. Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney (NSW) Australia.

4. 6. Melbourne Health Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne (VIC) Australia. 7. Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne (VIC) Australia.

5. 8. Infectious Diseases Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri – IRCCS – Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, Bologna, Italia. 9. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

6. 10. TB and Acute Respiratory Diseases Section, Department of Communicable Diseases, Directorate General of Disease Surveillance and Control, National TB Programme, MoH Oman, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

7. 11. Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, MoH Oman, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

8. 12. Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Pneumologie, L’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France.

9. 13. Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli – IRCCS – Roma, Italia.

10. 14. Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Therapeutics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. 15. Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

11. 4. The University of Sidney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney (NSW) Australia. 16. Parramatta Chest Clinic, Parramatta (NSW) Australia.

12. 17. TB Reference Centre of Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italia.

13. 18. Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Kilinkos, Vilinius, Lithuania.

14. 19. National Reference Centre for MDR-TB, Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal e Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

15. 20. National TB Control Program, Ministry of Health, Timbu, Bhutan.

16. 21. Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis – PII-TB – Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica – SEPAR – Barcelona, España.

17. 22. Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani” – INMI – IRCCS, Roma, Italia.

18. 23. UBT – Higher Education Institution, Prishtina, Kosovo. 24. NGO KeA, Prishtina, Kosovo.

19. 25. Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “G. Papanikolaou” Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.

20. 26. Instituto de Doenças do Tórax, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ – Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brasil.

21. 27. Clinton Health Access Initiative, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

22. 28. Centro de Investigación, Prevención y Tratamiento de Infecciones Respiratorias –CIPTIR – Hospital Universitario de Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México.

23. 29. Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.

24. 30. Damien Foundation, Niamey, Niger.

25. 31. Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (VA) USA.

26. 32. Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom. 33. Royal London Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom.

27. 34. P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India.

28. 35. Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland.

29. 36. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS– Porto Alegre, Brasil.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe country-specific lockdown measures and tuberculosis indicators collected during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on lockdown/social restrictions (compulsory face masks and hand hygiene; international and local travel restrictions; restrictions to family visits, and school closures) were collected from 24 countries spanning five continents. The majority of the countries implemented multiple lockdowns with partial or full reopening. There was an overall decrease in active tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and latent tuberculosis cases. Although national lockdowns were effective in containing COVID-19 cases, several indicators of tuberculosis were affected during the pandemic.

Publisher

Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia

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