Soil compaction affects sunflower and Paiaguas palisadegrass forage productivity in the Brazilian savanna

Author:

Linhares Adalto José de Souza1,Gonçalves Wainer Gomes2,Cabral Savio Menezes2,Brito Marlete Ferreira de2,Brandstetter Eduardo Valcacer3,Silva José Fausto Guimarães2,Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho2,Souza Wender Ferreira de2,Severiano Eduardo da Costa2

Affiliation:

1. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goias, Ceres Campus, Rod. Go-154 Km 03, Cx. P. 51 CEP 76.300-000, Ceres - Goias, Brazil

2. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goias, Rio Verde Campus, Rod. Sul Goiana Km 01, Cx. P. 66, CEP 75.901-970, Rio Verde - Goias, Brazil

3. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goias, Urutai Campus, Rod. Geraldo Silva Nascimento Km. 2.5, CEP 75.790-000, Urutai - Goias, Brazil

Abstract

Integrated crop-livestock systems maximize land use, infrastructure and labor; diversify production; and minimize costs, thereby reducing risks and adding value to agricultural products. However, growing mechanically harvested crops can negatively affect soil structure, reducing plant biomass productivity. The present study aimed to evaluate soil compaction and its effects on the forage productivity of sunflower and Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguas during the second cropping period. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications. Four compaction levels represented by traffic from an agricultural tractor were established: 0 (absence of compaction), 2, 10 and 30 passes over the same spot. Two forage systems were established in the subplots: sunflower grown solely as a monocrop (40,000 plants ha-1) or intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass (10 plants linear m-1). The following parameters were quantified: soil bulk density, plant height, capitulum diameter and 1000-achene weight for sunflower; stem length and the leaf/stem ratio for Paiaguas palisadegrass; and total and partitioned forage productivity. The results showed that sunflower was highly sensitive to soil compaction and that the development and productivity of this species decreased in response to the greatest bulk density, which in turn affected the Paiaguas palisadegrass. Overall, intercropping is recommended for increased forage productivity.

Publisher

Southern Cross Publishing

Subject

Plant Science,Agronomy and Crop Science

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