Impact of age, sex and body mass index on cortisol secretion in 143 healthy adults

Author:

Roelfsema Ferdinand1,van Heemst Diana2,Iranmanesh Ali3,Takahashi Paul4,Yang Rebecca5,Veldhuis Johannes D5

Affiliation:

1. 1Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

2. 2Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

3. 3Endocrine Section, Medical Service, Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salem, Virginia, USA

4. 4Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

5. 5Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Medical and Graduate Schools, Clinical Translational Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

Abstract

Context Studies on 24-h cortisol secretion are rare. The impact of sex, age and adiposity on cortisol levels, often restricted to one or a few samples, are well recognized, but conflicting. Objective To investigate cortisol dynamics in 143 healthy men and women, spanning 7 decades and with a 2-fold body mass index (BMI) range with different analytic tools. Setting Clinical Research Unit. Design Cortisol concentrations in 10-min samples collected for 24 h. Outcomes were mean levels, deconvolution parameters, approximate entropy (ApEn, regularity statistic) and 24-h rhythms. Results Total 24-h cortisol secretion rates estimated by deconvolution analysis were sex, age and BMI independent. Mean 24-h cortisol concentrations were lower in premenopausal women than those in men of comparable age (176 ± 8.2 vs 217 ± 9.4 nmol/L, P = 0.02), but not in subjects older than 50 years. This was due to lower daytime levels in women, albeit similar in the quiescent overnight period. Aging increased mean cortisol by 10 nmol/L per decade during the quiescent secretory phase and advanced the acrophase of the diurnal rhythm by 24 min/decade. However, total 24-h cortisol secretion rates estimated by deconvolution analysis were sex, age and BMI independent. ApEn of 24-h profiles was higher (more random) in premenopausal women than those in men (1.048 ± 0.025 vs 0.933 ± 0.023, P = 0.001), but not in subjects older than 50 years. ApEn peaked during the daytime. Conclusion Sex and age jointly determine the 24-h cortisol secretory profile. Sex effects are largely restricted to age <50 years, whereas age effects elevate concentrations in the late evening and early night and advance the timing of the peak diurnal rhythm.

Publisher

Bioscientifica

Subject

Endocrinology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Internal Medicine

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