Effect of ultrasound-guided interstitial laser photocoagulation on benign solitary solid cold thyroid nodules – a randomised study

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided interstitial laser photocoagulation (ILP) on thyroid function, nodule size and patient satisfaction in benign solitary solid cold thyroid nodules by comparing one ILP session with no treatment in a prospective randomised study. Materials and methods: Thirty euthyroid outpatients with a benign solitary solid and a scintigraphically cold thyroid nodule causing local discomfort were assigned to one session of ILP (n = 15) or observation (n = 15) and followed for 6 months. Thyroid nodule volume and total thyroid volume were assessed by US and thyroid function was determined by routine assays before and during follow-up. Pressure and cosmetic complaints before and at 6 months were evaluated on a visual analogue scale. ILP was performed under US guidance and with an output power of 2.5–3.5 W. Results: In the ILP group, the nodule volume decreased from 8.2 ml (6.1; 11.9) (median; quartiles) to 4.8 ml (3.0; 6.6) after 6 months (P = 0.001). The overall median reduction was 44% (37; 52), which correlated with a significant decrease in pressure symptoms as well as cosmetic complaints. In the control group, a non-significant increase in median nodule volume of 7% (0; 34) after 6 months was seen. No major side-effects were seen in the ILP group. There was no correlation between thermal energy deposition and nodule volume reduction. Thyroid function was unaltered throughout. Conclusion: US-guided ILP, given as a single treatment, resulted in a satisfactory clinical response in the majority of patients with a benign solitary solid cold thyroid nodule, and may become a clinically relevant alternative to surgery in selected patients.