Neuroendocrine neoplasms: current and potential diagnostic, predictive and prognostic markers

Author:

Herrera-Martínez Aura D12,Hofland Leo J1,Gálvez Moreno María A2,Castaño Justo P2,de Herder Wouter W1,Feelders Richard A1

Affiliation:

1. 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

2. 2Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain

Abstract

Some biomarkers for functioning and non-functioning neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are currently available. Despite their application in clinical practice, results should be interpreted cautiously. Considering the variable sensitivity and specificity of these parameters, there is an unmet need for novel biomarkers to improve diagnosis and predict patient outcome. Nowadays, several new biomarkers are being evaluated and may become future tools for the management of NENs. These biomarkers include (1) peptides and growth factors; (2) DNA and RNA markers based on genomics analysis, for example, the so-called NET test, which has been developed for analyzing gene transcripts in circulating blood; (3) circulating tumor/endothelial/progenitor cells or cell-free tumor DNA, which represent minimally invasive methods that would provide additional information for monitoring treatment response and (4) improved imaging techniques with novel radiolabeled somatostatin analogs or peptides. Below we summarize some future directions in the development of novel diagnostic and predictive/prognostic biomarkers in NENs. This review is focused on circulating and selected tissue markers.

Publisher

Bioscientifica

Subject

Cancer Research,Endocrinology,Oncology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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