Reduced atherogenic indices in prepubertal girls with precocious adrenarche born appropriate for gestational age in relation to the conundrum of DHEAS

Abstract

Context An association between low birth weight, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and atherogenesis has been shown in girls with precocious adrenarche (PA). Objective To evaluate whether girls with PA born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) have increased risk for metabolic complications at initial evaluation. Design/methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 69 AGA born girls with PA (mean (±s.d.) age 7.1±1 years) and 45 body mass index (BMI)- and waist circumference (WC)-matched prepubertal peers born AGA (mean (±s.d.) 7.5±1.9 years). A standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test with insulin sampling was performed. Fasting plasma lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were analyzed, and blood pressure was recorded. Insulin sensitivity (IS) index (ISIcomp), homeostasis model assessment of IR, and atherogenic index (AI) (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were calculated. Setting The study was performed at University Hospital. Results AI was significantly lower in girls with PA than in controls (P<0.001), and it was correlated with BMI SDS (r=0.44, P=0.001) and WC (r=0.39, P=0.001). The significant correlation of AI with ISIcomp (r=−0.38, P=0.001) disappeared after correcting for BMI (r=−0.185, P=0.16). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that DHEAS was the only significant parameter influencing AI in girls with born AGA (R 2=0.475 β=−0.018, P=0.0001). Conclusions Metabolic screening in prepubertal AGA born girls with PA may yield favorable lipid profiles. AI in girls with PA is increased in relation to decreasing IS and increasing BMI and WC. DHEAS seems to have the most significant effect on AI.