Short-term variation in plasma mitotane levels confirms the importance of trough level monitoring

Abstract

ObjectiveMitotane is the drug of choice in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. The anti-neoplastic effect is correlated with mitotane plasma levels, which render it crucial to reach and maintain the concentration above 14 mg/l. However, mitotane pharmacokinetics is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in plasma mitotane levels during the day and the influence of a single morning dose.DesignA prospective case–control study was conducted to investigate the variation in plasma mitotane levels.MethodsPatients who had been treated for at least 24 weeks and had reached the therapeutic plasma level (14 mg/l) at least once were eligible. In the first group, mitotane levels were determined hourly for the duration of 8 h after administration of a single morning dose. In the second group, mitotane levels were assessed similarly without administration of a morning dose.ResultsTen patients were included in this study, and three patients participated in both groups. Median plasma level at baseline was 16.2 mg/l (range 11.3–23.3 mg/l) in the first group (n=7) and 17.0 mg/l (13.7–23.8) in the second group (n=6). Plasma levels displayed a median increase compared with baseline of 24% (range 6–42%) at t=4 after morning dose and a change of 13% (range −14 to 33%) at t=4 without morning dose (P=0.02).ConclusionA substantial increase in mitotane plasma levels was observed in steady-state patients within a period of 8 h after morning dosing. Without morning dose, mitotane curves showed a variable profile throughout the day. This implies that random sampling could yield incidentally high levels. For this reason, we recommend early-morning trough sampling as standard management in monitoring mitotane treatment.