Distal biceps tendon rupture: a comprehensive overview

Abstract

Distal biceps tendon (DBT) is a relatively rare injury mainly occurring in middle-aged men while in eccentric biceps muscle contraction. Clinical appearance with proximal avulsion of the muscle and specific clinical tests are most of the time sufficient for diagnosing DBT, but if needed ultrasonography and MRI, most often in FABS view, can be used to ensure diagnosis of DBT and partial DBT. Surgical anatomical reinsertion has shown to be a successful method of treatment, although conservative treatment can be initiated in older patients. Two different approaches are described in literature: single- and double-incision techniques with different fixation methods proving to have similarly good results. Major complications of surgical intervention are posterior interosseous nerve palsy and symptomatic heterotropic ossification. Overall outcome of surgical intervention has shown high subjective satisfaction with slight weakness in flexion and supination but mostly without loss in range of motion.