MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Vitamin D and COVID-19

Author:

Bilezikian John P1ORCID,Bikle Daniel2,Hewison Martin3,Lazaretti-Castro Marise4,Formenti Anna Maria5,Gupta Aakriti678,Madhavan Mahesh V67,Nair Nandini1,Babalyan Varta9,Hutchings Nicholas10ORCID,Napoli Nicola1112,Accili Domenico1,Binkley Neil13,Landry Donald W14,Giustina Andrea5

Affiliation:

1. 1Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

2. 2Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA

3. 3Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

4. 4Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina – Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil

5. 5Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milano, Italy

6. 6Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

7. 7Clinical Trials Center, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA

8. 8Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

9. 9Osteoporosis Center of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia

10. 10School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

11. 11Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy

12. 12Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA

13. 13University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

14. 14Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has generated an explosion of interest both in the mechanisms of infection leading to dissemination and expression of this disease, and in potential risk factors that may have a mechanistic basis for disease propagation or control. Vitamin D has emerged as a factor that may be involved in these two areas. The focus of this article is to apply our current understanding of vitamin D as a facilitator of immunocompetence both with regard to innate and adaptive immunity and to consider how this may relate to COVID-19 disease. There are also intriguing potential links to vitamin D as a factor in the cytokine storm that portends some of the most serious consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Moreover, cardiac and coagulopathic features of COVID-19 disease deserve attention as they may also be related to vitamin D. Finally, we review the current clinical data associating vitamin D with SARS-CoV-2 infection, a putative clinical link that at this time must still be considered hypothetical.

Publisher

Bioscientifica

Subject

Endocrinology,General Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

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