Novel role for lysophosphatidic acid in vascular remodeling at the maternal–fetal interface

Abstract

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) belongs to the group of phosphorylated lipids reported as crucial mediators in the physiology of reproduction. LPA binds to G-protein-coupled receptors and regulates a wide range of female reproductive functions. This bioactive lipid has also been implicated in vascular functions during physiological and pathological conditions. In this regard, the establishment of a successful pregnancy requires proper coordination of vascular processes and remodeling of maternal blood vessels during early gestation. During this process, first trimester cytotrophoblast changes from an invasive to an endovascular phenotype and transforms uterine spiral arteries which are the nutrient supply for placenta and fetus. Here we present an overview of LPA participation in vascular remodeling and highlight the importance of LPA–LPA3 signaling during early gestation at the maternal–fetal interface.