Antimicrobial resistance surveillance system mapping in different countries

Abstract

Objectives: Excessive use of antibiotics has increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide, which is a major public concern among the countries. To control this threat proper monitoring of the antimicrobial usage with increasing rate of AMR is required. Moreover, alternatives for antibiotics are surveyed and are being researched for quick use in the future. Thus, multisector intervention is highly encouraged for better outcomes. In this research article, six different European countries are discussed in terms of antimicrobial usage and AMR in human and livestock sectors with the help of literature study and various reports published by different organizations. Methods. Data study has been conducted to collect data for comparison study. Data sources of AMR and antimicrobial usage are analyzed and both antimicrobial use and AMR are compared. Results: This article provides surveillance systems that are formed to keep a track on the upcoming situation of AMR and the consumption of antimicrobials by humans as well as animals. The article firmly allows the readers to get broad information about the AMR across six countries of Europe. These annual reports have hugely helped the government to decide for alternatives and have focused in many training activities to combat the AMR situation globally. Conclusion: As antibiotic resistance genes persist on an interface between environment and animal and animal health, an approach is required in all three areas that stress the concept of “One Approach to Health.”