Assessing low laser damage densities of fused silica optics by means of a functional raster scan protocol

Abstract

The knowledge of the laser damage resistance of fused silica optics for their use in high-power lasers is of primary importance for the operation and maintenance of these facilities. Among the control procedures developed, one of the most relevant to date is the raster scan procedure [Lamaignère et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 103105 (2007)]. This procedure is used to determine the damage density of optical components as a function of fluence. To date, this procedure takes into account all triggered damage sites, regardless of their size and/or morphology. We have added a step to this procedure, which consists in irradiating again all the damage sites with a series of shots to ascertain their ability to grow. This allows us to estimate the densities of growing damage sites, which are most critical for the safe operation of lasers. This pragmatic approach can be considered a functional test procedure. By applying this procedure to large optical areas, we were then able to measure extremely low damage densities (∼10−4 damage cm−2) over a wide range of fluences [0–18 J cm−2], corresponding to fluences to which the optics are irradiated during the operation of high-power lasers. We can then determine the damage law of a given set of optical components. This reference law makes it possible, on the one hand, to predict the lifetime of the optics. On the other hand, any deviation can then be analyzed with regard to this reference law. Thanks to the determination of confidence intervals, this functional procedure can also be used to delimit the reference law by upper and lower bounds.