Experimental investigation of fountains in homogeneous fluid with coexistent temperature and concentration effects using PIV/PLIF

Abstract

Fountains formed due to the injection into homogeneous fluids with the combined effect of temperature and concentration occur widely in nature and in environmental improvement and industrial applications such as brine water discharge, living sewage disposal, release of waste hot gases into the atmosphere from chimneys, solar desalination discharge, and sewage wastewater discharge for agriculture irrigation. In this study, the behavior of round fountains with salt water as a homogeneous ambient fluid in a transparent glass tank over 0.25 ≤ FrT ≤ 2.0, 0 ≤ N ≤ 5.0, and 47 ≤ Re ≤ 824 was studied using particle image velocimetry/planar laser-induced fluorescence (PIV/PLIF). The recorded PIV/PLIF images provide a better understanding of the transient behavior and intrinsic laws of buoyant jets in an ambient fluid and optimally use their transport mechanisms and entrainment characteristics in environmental improvement and industrial applications. Scaling for the initial maximum fountain height at the development stage, the obtained scaling correlation from the experimental results is consistent with previous results from direct numerical simulation results.