Conformations of borneol and isoborneol in the gas phase: Their monomers and microsolvation clusters

Abstract

Borneol is a natural monoterpene with significant applications in various industries, including medicine and perfumery. It presents several diastereomers with different physical and chemical properties, influenced by their unique structures and interactions with molecular receptors. However, a complete description of its inherent structure and solvent interactions remains elusive. Here, we report a detailed investigation of the gas-phase experimental structures of borneol and isoborneol, along with the description of their microsolvation complexes with the common solvents water and dimethyl sulfoxide. The molecules and complexes were studied using chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy coupled to a supersonic expansion source. Although three rotamers are potentially populated under the conditions of the supersonic expansion, only one of them was observed for each monomer. The examination of the monohydrated complexes revealed structures stabilized by hydrogen bonds and non-covalent C–H⋯O interactions, with water as the hydrogen bond donor. Interestingly, in the clusters with dimethyl sulfoxide, borneol and isoborneol change their roles acting as donors. We further identified a higher-energy rotamer of the borneol monomer in one of the complexes with dimethyl sulfoxide, while that rotamer was missing in the experiment for the monomer. This observation is not common and highlights a specific position in borneol especially favorable for forming stable complexes, which could have implications in the understanding of the unique physical and chemical properties of the diastereomers.