1. Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kahshiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
2. Research Domain IV—Transdisciplinary Concepts and Methods, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
3. Mathematical Institute, University of Bonn, Endenicher Straße 60, 53115 Bonn, Germany
4. Department of Geology and Environmental Science, The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4107 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260-3332, USA
5. Research Domain I—Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
6. Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, 11419 Stockholm, Sweden