1. While in all these computations it is assumed that the time of an observation with a critically damped galvanometer is equal to its period, practically the observation time is longer than the period. In any case where energy is so scarce that Brownian motion must be considered, drifts will be encountered of such magnitude that the zero must be checked both before and after each reading, so the time of observation is twice the period. With small energy, drifts make any continuous recording of energy with a critically damped steady deflection system impossible.
2. See previous footnote.
3. Again see the previous footnote.