1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
2. Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
3. Departments of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
4. Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA