Visible light photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy and near-infrared-II optical coherence tomography in the mouse eye

Author:

Haindl R.123ORCID,Bellemo V.34ORCID,Rajendran P.5ORCID,Tan B.34ORCID,Liu M.23ORCID,Lee B. S.6ORCID,Zhou Q.7,Leitgeb R. A.2ORCID,Drexler W.2ORCID,Schmetterer L.12348910ORCID,Pramanik M.11ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 1 , Singapore

2. Centre for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna 2 , Vienna, Austria

3. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre 3 , Singapore

4. SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Nanyang Technological University 4 , Singapore

5. Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University 5 , Stanford, California 94305, USA

6. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University 6 , Singapore

7. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California 7 , Los Angeles, California 90089, USA

8. Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore 8 , Singapore

9. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna 9 , Vienna, Austria

10. Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology 10 , Basel, Switzerland

11. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University 11 , Ames, Iowa 50011, USA

Abstract

Non-invasive imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing and studying eye diseases. However, existing photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy (PAOM) techniques in mice have limitations due to handling restrictions, suboptimal optical properties, limited availability of light sources, and permissible light fluence at the retina. This study introduces an innovative approach that utilizes Rose Bengal, a contrast agent, to enhance PAOM contrast. This enables visualization of deeper structures, such as the choroidal vasculature and sclera in the mouse eye, using visible light. The integration of near-infrared-II (NIR-II) optical coherence tomography provides additional tissue contrast and insights into potential NIR-II PAOM capabilities. To optimize imaging, we developed a cost-effective 3D printable mouse eye phantom and a fully 3D printable tip/tilt mouse platform. This solution elevates PAOM to a user-friendly technology, which can be used to address pressing research questions concerning several ocular diseases, such as myopia, glaucoma, and/or age-related macular degeneration in the future.

Funder

National Medical Research Council

National Research Foundation Singapore

Agency for Science, Technology and Research

Singapore Eye Research Institute and Nanyang Technological University

SERI-Lee Foundation

Horizon 2020 Framework Program

Publisher

AIP Publishing

Subject

Computer Networks and Communications,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Reference78 articles.

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